Eyeshine in animals is produced by a special membrane, called the tapetum lucidum (“tapestry of light”), a reflective surface that is located directly behind the retina.
This surface, called a tapetum lucidum, located behind the retina, acts as a mirror to reflect light photons. Humans lack the tapetum lucidum located in between the retina and choroid in the eyes of many nocturnal animals (Source).
In the dark, your dog's eyes react differently to light exposure because their eyes have what is called a tapetum lucidum, essentially, a light reflective surface. It is located between the optic nerve and the retina and works as a mirror.
Why eyes of some animals shine in the dark? Eyes of some animal's shine in the night because they have a special type of reflective layer behind the pupil of their eyes known as Tapetum Lucidum which enhances the amount of light absorbed by the photoreceptors in their eyes.
This is because the flash reflects off the a blood vessel rich layer behind the retina. In dogs (and many other animals), the retina has a reflective layer behind it called the tapetum lucidum. This layer acts like a mirror, reflecting light at the back of their eyes.
I agree, it should be checked. His eye should reflect light. You should get some kind of shine showing that he has a healthy retina. That's how doctors tell quickly if a human's eye isn't healthy, no retinal reflex.
Dogs with white coats and blue eyes can give off a red-eye effect in dark settings. The red-eye look is due to blood vessels in the eyes that reflect when exposed to light. “Among my favorites are Miniature Schnauzers," Dr. Powell says. "Their eyes tend to glow a beautiful turquoise color.”
The tapetum lucidum is a layer of tissue in the eyes of many animals have, including dogs & cats. It lies between the animals' retina and optic nerve and acts like a mirror. It greatly increases the amount of visible light available to the photoreceptors.
Coyotes, wolves and dog's eyes usually have a fiery white glow. A bobcat's eyeshine is yellowish white. A bear's eyes will glow fiery orange. Night eyeshine is not only exhibited by some of the mammals, reptiles and amphibians.
foxes– Some foxes have an intense green glow in their eyes as they forage for food after dark, though a few types of foxes have white or yellow eyes instead.
Though our eyes have much in common with cats' eyes, humans do not have this tapetum lucidum layer. If you shine a flashlight in a person's eyes at night, you don't see any sort of reflection. The flash on a camera is bright enough, however, to cause a reflection off of the retina itself.
There are numerous animals that have the signature red glow in their eyes; however, the animals with the most prominent red-glowing eyes in the dark are alligators, owls, cats, and rabbits. Animals with heterochromia in the regular blue eyes are more susceptible to giving off a red eyeshine in the dark.
A large number of animals have the tapetum lucidum, including deer, dogs, cats, cattle, horses and ferrets. Humans don't, and neither do some other primates. Squirrels, kangaroos and pigs don't have the tapeta, either.